New Project Poverty Eradication Through Enforceable Rights to Water Develop and apply an interdisciplinary capacity-building model [driven by law, informed by science] to identify, rationally allocate and enforce international, national and individual sustainable rights to water. R8169 Augmenting groundwater resources by artificial recharge (AGRAR) This project addresses the fear that in many places the extensive and beneficial use of groundwater may be unsustainable because of over-exploitation of aquifers. R8165 Community Based Hydrological Monitoring To increase local communities awareness of the importance of hydrological monitoring and its relevance for equitable allocation and management of extremes largely by getting them involved in collecting data and to some extent in using it. (Proceeding on an inception basis.) R8159 Sustainable Strategies for Flood Mitigation The project aims to provide strategies for flood preparedness warning and emergency response. It covers community organisationand community awareness and physical preparations. R8158 Second Order Water Scarcity in Southern Africa An initiative centred on the thesis that peoples access to water is largely constrained not by first order water scarcity in the sense of a shortage of resources but by second order water scarcity defined as a lack of social and political adaptive capacity to manage water successfully to the satisfaction of all stakeholders. R8058 Community Management of Groundwater Resources in Rural India Strengthen rural livelihoods through better institutional and opertional solutions for local management of groundwater. R8039 Transboundary Water Resource Management Using the Law to Develo Effective National Water P olicy for Transboundary Watercourse States: To develop a generic interdisciplinary operational protocol - A Legal Assessment Model (LAM) - to assist a transboundary watercourse state (TWS) to determine its rights and oblictions regarding the use of its shared international freshwater R8038 Impact of Climate and Sea Level Change in part of the Indian Sub-Continent (CLASIC) The project will examine the implications of changes in climate and sea level on water resources availability and coastal flooding in part of the Indian subcontinent (Contract not yet finalised). R8023 Guidelines for Good Governance Improved water resources management through the equitable and sustainable management of water resources by beneficiaries, including the sustainable management of large-scale water users associations. R7980 Snow and Glacier Aspects of Water Reource Management in the Himalayas (SAGARMATHA) To assess the seasonal and long-term water resources in snow and glacier-fed rivers originating in the Hindu-Kush Himalayan region and to determine strategies or coping with impacts of climate-change-induced deglaciation on the livelihood of people in the region. R7824 Developing Guidelines for Implementing Environmental Flows Improve planning and management of water resources by enabling assessment of environmental flow requirements with stakeholder participation in order to ensure the long term availability of the resource. R7804 Integrating Drinking Water Needs in Watershed Projects To develop better institutional and operational solutions for water resources management in water scarce areas that integrate rural water supply and sanitation with participatory approaches to watershed development. R7384 Cost Recovering In Water And Sanitation Projects This proposal is to review and interpret cost recovery mechanisms across a range of water and sanitation schemes in order to recommend a portfolio of best practices for achieving financial sustainability. It is particularly for those sectors where the client base is poorest and cost recovery is presumed to be more difficult. R7353 Groundwater From Low Permeability Rocks In Africa Proposal to produce and disseminate guidelines for employing standard techniques to achieve improved assessment of groundwater resources in low permeability rocks in Sub-Saharan Africa. R7137 Integrated Planning And Management Of Water Resources Evaluate and develop guidelines from the use of belief and decision networks at the local and catchment scales. R7136 Exit Strategies For Ressettlement Of Drought Prone Populations The project will consider three case studies in Southern Africa of water provision for large rural ressettlement populations in drought prone areas. It will compare and contrast approaches investigating elements of a successful handover to local government and communities. R7135 Integrated Water Information Management (IWIM) System The project will develop an information system to assist in the assessment of multi-sectoral water use and water demand as a support tool for integrated planning and management of water resources. R7134 Groundwater Protection And Management For Developing Cities Develop techniques of groundwater protection assessment and guidelines for sustainable management of urban aquifers. R6867 A Decision Support System For Improved Groundwater Management R6866 International Institutional Cooperation In Water Resource Assessment Through FRIEND New and existing UK led initiatives in international experimental and network flow regime data programme (FRIEND) of the UNESCO IHP. R6865 Hydrological Operational Multipurpose Subprogramme (HOMS) Operation of free help service to improve hydrological practices and data collection in developing countries. R6864 Regional Flow Regimes For Small Hydropower Assessment (REFRESHER) Develop reliable and consistent methods for estimating the hydrological regime at ungauged sites in the Himalayan and sub-Himalayan region of India and Nepal in order to assess their hydropower potential. R6863 Tools For Assessing And Managing Groundwater Pollution Threats In Urban Areas The overall aim of the project is to improve the management of groundwater in urban areas in the context of growing demand and increasing pollution. The project has developed a number of practical tools which urban decision-makers can use to help assess and manage groundwater pollution threats. The tools - both computer based and manual - are designed to be low cost, multidisciplinary and participatory. R6573 Assessment Of The Regional Impact Of Drought In Africa (ARIDA) (i) Develop techniques for assessing severity of current droughts, (ii) implement assessments in Southern Africa, (iii) develop techniques for hydrological forecasting during droughts, (iv) investigate behaviour of historic droughts, (v) investigate effect of environmental change on drought frequency. R6569 Development Of A Small Island Information Network R6533 Diagnostic Method To Determine Aquifer Susceptibility Parameters R6251 Characterisation Of Sediments For Water R6250 Regional Groundwater Recharge Assessment In Semi-arid Areas Produce and test an integrated suite of sofware to allow the assessment of natural groundwater recharge at a range of spatial and temporal scales. R6233 Groundwater Management In Drought-prone Areas Of Africa R6232 Development Of A New Well Siting Technique (Electro Kinetic Sounding (EKS)) To improve well and borehole siting and hence alleviate water scarcity. To assess and develop a new, non-invasive surface geophysical technique (EKS) claimed to map the permeability of sub surface rocks and predict the presence and depth of groundwater. R6065 Integrated Water Resources System Model For Developing Countries Identification of powerful, yet easy to apply, model(s) which will permit the water resources of a whole river basin to be studied. Such a model should be easy to use by engineers, planners and decision-makers, enabling them to study a full range of water resources, environmental and economic problems, and to tackle a wide range of complex planning and operational projects. R6064 Assessment Of Global Water Resources Development of user-friendly software to assess the availability of water resources on a global scale. R6063 Urban Runoff Control In The Developing World R6061 Water Resources Planning And Management Procedures In Developing Countries To review the strengths and weaknesses of existing planning practices and identify the needs for an intergrated approach to water resource development and management. R5975 Assessment Of The Pollution Risk To Deep Aquifers From Urban Wastewaters Groundwater is an important source of supply for many cities, but the subsurface is also widely used for disposal of wastewaters. Shallow groundwater is often polluted, and abstraction from deeper aquifers can induce leakage from shallow layers. The security of this valuable resource and the risk posed by leakage of shallow urban groundwaters induced by pumping is of major concern. R5974 Degradation Of Groundwater Socio-economic Impacts R5973 Data Management System For Groundwater For Developing Countries R5852 Water Use By Vegetation In The Sahel Development of physically realistic models of evaporation from sparsely-vegetated land surfaces to allow the link between land degradation and climate change to be modelled with increased accuracy. R5850 Water Balance Of African Lakes Development of a process-based hydrological model suitable for predicting the impacts of land-use change on lake levels in southern Africa. Conversion of dry deciduous forest to agricultural land is currently one of the largest land-use changes occurring in southern Africa. Forests usually evaporate more water than agricultural crops because tree roots can reach more soil water to maintain transpiration through dry periods and tree canopies promote greater interception losses. The conversion of forest to short vegetation is therefore expected to increase runoff. R5848 Water Resource Modelling For Large Catdhments Application of model developed under R5850 to large river basins, using GIS techniques R5847 Southern African Low Flows To develop an improved low flow design estimation procedure, as a vital component of the Southern Africa FRIEND project (Flow Regimes from International Experimental and Network Data) R5844 Impact Of Climate Change On Water Resources R5839 Reservoir Sedimentation Development of tools to enable engineers: (i) to measure sediment deposition and storage loss in reservoirs more accurately, (ii) to predict future deposition, and (iii) to manage future deposition through appropriate reservoir operation, including flushing. R5561 The Development of Unconsolidated Sedimentary Aquifers (UNSAs) To review existing knowledge of the nature of Unconsolidated (Non-Indurated) Sedimentary Aquifer (UNSAs) deposits worldwide. To review practices concerning their development, operation and maintenance. To prepare a manual, summarising the results of the reviews as well as latest thoughts, to provide guidance for the development of UNSAs in developing countries worldwide. R3171 Flow Forecasting In Africa Using Satellite Rain Estimates